Distributed System
A distributed system is a collection of independent computers that appear to the users of the system as a single computer.
Distributed System Example 1:-
Consider a network of workstations in a university or company department. In addition to each user's personal workstation, there might be a pool of processors in the machine room that are not assigned to specific users but are allocated dynamically as needed. Such a system might have a single file system, with all files accessible from all machines in the same way and using the same path name. Furthermore, when a user typed a command, the system could look for the best place to execute that command, possibly on the user's own workstation, possibly on an idle workstation belonging to someone else, and possibly on one of the unassigned processors in the machine room. If the system as a whole looked and acted like a classical single-processor timesharing system, it would qualify as a distributed system.
Distributed System Example 2:-
Think about a large bank with hundreds of branch offices all over the world. Each office has a master computer to store local accounts and handle local transactions. In addition, each computer has the ability to talk to all other branch computers and with a central computer at headquarters. If transactions can be done without regard to where a customer or account is, and the users do not notice any difference between this system and the old centralized mainframe that it replaced, it too would be considered a distributed system.Advantages of Distributed Systems:-
- Some advantages of Distributed Systems are as follows −
- All the nodes in the distributed system are connected to each other. So nodes can easily share data with other nodes.
- More nodes can easily be added to the distributed system i.e. it can be scaled as required.
- Failure of one node does not lead to the failure of the entire distributed system. Other nodes can still communicate with each other.
- Resources like printers can be shared with multiple nodes rather than being restricted to just one.
Disadvantages of Distributed Systems
Some disadvantages of Distributed Systems are as follows −- It is difficult to provide adequate security in distributed systems because the nodes as well as the connections need to be secured.
- Some messages and data can be lost in the network while moving from one node to another.
- The database connected to the distributed systems is quite complicated and difficult to handle as compared to a single user system.
- Overloading may occur in the network if all the nodes of the distributed system try to send data at once.
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Where we need Distributed system:-
- Shared data are absolutely essential, for this the machines must be interconnected. Interconnecting the machines leads to a distributed system.
- Sharing often involves more than just data. Expensive peripherals, such as color laser printers, phototypesetters, and massive archival storage devices (e.g., optical jukeboxes), are also candidates.
- A third reason to connect a group of isolated computers into a distributed system is to achieve enhanced person-to-person communication. For many people, electronic mail has numerous attractions over paper mail, telephone, and FAX. It is much faster than paper mail, does not require both parties to be available at the same time as does the telephone, and unlike FAX, produces documents that can be edited, rearranged, stored in the computer, and manipulated with text processing programs.
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